THE ECONOMICS OF WOMEN, MEN & WORK

* Changing Labor Dynamics: Restructuring and Job Loss

* The Rise of the Nonstandard Work Force

* The Changing Face of Labor Unions

Following a summary overview of the chapter, each of those headings will be used to organize the structure of this analysis.

The authors admit that the decline in the gender gap separating male and female wages and salaries has continued. However, the trend is to a flattening of wage increases, and what the authors call a "return to skill" which the authors define as "the prices that the labor market sets for various worker qualifications. The reasons for this increase in demand are not fully understood, but most studies point to the technological change and increasing international competition, both of which are believed to have had a negative effect on the relative demand for less skilled workers" (p. 235).

Although never fully committing to a proposition that poor education equals lower rank on the economic ladder, the authors do state "Among women, this reflects negligible increases in participation rates for those with less than four years of high school in comparison to substantial

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* independent contractors * part-time workers What the authors, in their defining of this situation, seem to ignore are the numerous (non-academic) surveys that come up with a number of reasons why this situation occurs in the "real world." Among the data available we find: * Almost half of U.S. workers (47 percent) are responsible for the care of children and/or elderly or disabled adults. * In 1991, 60 percent of women with children younger than six and more than three-fourths of women with school-age children worked outside the home. * In 1992, 54 percent of women with children younger than one were in the workforce. In almost all surveys on work and family issues, (commissioned by various newspapers, non profit organizations and so on) working families say they need more flexibility in their work schedules. * Sixty-six percent of working parents say they don't have enough time with their children. It appears from the evidence in these surveys that many workers "choose" not to be "traditional" workers. The authors also suggest this, but discard it, since, we can assume, there is no peer-reviewed study to support that claim. However, there is ample business world research that suggests that the use of "no
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Approximate Word count = 3699
Approximate Pages = 15 (250 words per page)

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