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Several Political Science Essays

Industrial Revolution is the name given to the gradual replacement in Europe and the U.S., beginning in the middle of the eighteenth century in Europe and in America toward its end, of an economy dominated by agricultural and cottage-industry manufacturing with an economy dominated by machine-driven factory manufacturing and largely urban in character. Though the cotton gin in America and the steam engine in England were decisive early machines, the Industrial Revolution was characterized more generally by internal "infrastructure" improvements in communication and transportation, including construction of roadways and waterways, to facilitate movement of goods and workers for trade purposes. Its significance was that it fostered the rise and dominance of a merchant class with values and protocols distinct from the agrarian nobility class that had dominated earlier periods, as well as the growth of a working/laboring "proletariat."

Alexander Hamilton (1755-1804) was one of the principal architects of American constitutional government, grudgingly accepting principles of individual rights as a lever against what he saw as the chaos of competition between state and national government authority that were undermining U.S. governance under the Articles of Confederation. As "Publius," principal author with James Madison of The Federalist Papers, a series of essays meant to justify the ratification by all 13 states of the U.S. Constitution, Hamilton articulated a systematic conceptualization of strong national government authority vis-a-vis less powerful states (federalism), setting forth a rationale for acceptance of the Constitution as supreme law of the land. As George Washington's Secretary of the Treasury, Hamilton exploited the federalist principle to authorize a national budget and national-government taxation as a strategy of national development and prestige.

Enlightenment philosophy, dominating English and European philosophi...

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Several Political Science Essays. (1969, December 31). In LotsofEssays.com. Retrieved 21:39, March 28, 2024, from https://www.lotsofessays.com/viewpaper/1696472.html