The Holocaust & Hitler
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In trying to explain the Holocaust, historian Ian Kershaw states that the central issue is how Nazi hatred of the Jews was translated into the practice of government and what precise role Hitler played in this transformation. In considering this issue, Kershaw refers to a number of theories that have been offered on this question. He talks of historians in both parts of Germany after the war and how they analyzed the question, though he finds that their efforts in both cases were muted by circumstances and by the way the populace at large ignored their efforts. Thus, he states, the major impetus for such research came from outside Germany.One of the approaches he cites is referred to as Hitlerist, and this view places Hitler at the center of the matter and sees him as having a primary aim which he pursued from an early date, with that aim being the elimination of the Jew from German life. In this view, the various stages in the persecution of the Jews were only elements on a continuum leading to the Final Solution. This approach is also known as intentionalist because it focuses on Hitler's intentions and how they were translated into action over time, creating the motivation needed for his government to carry out his wishes and seek the end he had in mind. Another approach is known as structuralist, and this approach emphasizes the unsystematic and improvised shaping of Nazi policies toward the Jews. These are seen as a series of ad hoc responses rather than part of
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ng force for the Holocaust or not. Structuralists also accept that Hitler maintained an abiding hatred of Jews throughout his political life. The structuralist approach does not deny that Hitler had a personal, political, and moral culpability for the Holocaust:
Rather, the central areas of debate among historians are: whether evidence of Hitler's continued and consistent personal hatred is sufficient explanation in itself of the Holocaust. . . whether physical extermination was Hitler's aim from a very early date or emerged as a realistic idea only as late as 1941 or so. . . and finally, whether it was necessary for Hitler to do more than establish the underlying objective of "getting rid of Jews" from German territory, and then sanction the uncoordinated but increasingly radical steps of the various groups in the State who were seeking. . . to turn this distant objective into practical reality (Kershaw 89).
Kershaw takes a middle ground as he ascertains first that the Holocaust would not have happened without Hitler's fanatical will to destroy Jews, an aim that crystallized into an action program only in 1941. At the same time, this would not have happened without the active collaboration of the Wehrmacht. There was a
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1204
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)
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