CULTURE CARE THEORY
Caring is central to the prac
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Caring is central to the practice of nursing (Benner, 1984, p. 170). Caring, according to Benner and Wrubel (1989, p. 3) is embedded in the personal and cultural meanings and commitments of the nurse. Leininger (1988a, p. 24) maintains that caring is the essence of humanity, that care is essential for human growth and survival, and that care must be the central focus of nursing and the helping and healing professions. Benner and Wrubel (1989, p. 4) perceive care in a pluralistic context, contending that care is a form of involvement with others that creates possibilities of concern for one's world. Within this context, Benner and Wrubel (1989, p. 4) add that "caring places a person in a situation in such a way that certain aspects show up as relevant." Some of these aspects "are duties or obligations between individuals in special relationship to one another" (Benner and Wrubel, 1989, p. 5). Nurse and patient are in such a special relationship. The components of this model of care are compassion, doing good for others, and medical competence which are all directed toward to good of an individual the patient by the nurse. Jean Watson (1990, pp. 277 288) perceives caring as a humanistic activity. Watson's theory of nursing is based on caring by the nurse (Simeao, 1993, pp. 260 270). In Watson's theory of nursing, the underlying assumptions are that "(1) care and love comprise the primal and universal psychic energy, and
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ing. According to Leininger (1988b, p. 22), American nurses have become dependent on modern technology and find it difficult to function in cultures with limited technology.
Goal attainment, a holistic perspective, patient autonomy, interaction between nurse and patient, and adaptation are common to most major theories of nursing, including the culture care theory. The culture care theory does not conflict with other major theories of nursing. Rather, the culture care theory proceeds from a different perspective in analyzing the delivery of care through nursing.
The culture care theory is significant to the practice because application of the theory may lead to improved clinical decision making. Clinical decision making refers to the cognitive processes involved in the formulation of a patient diagnosis by a decision maker, and to the selection by the decision maker of appropriate intervention(s) to correct the patient's problems (Bunting, 1988, p. 30). The primary sources of error in clinical decision making are (a) misperception of outcomes, and (b) misperception of the values patients place on outcomes (Eddy, 1990, pp. 441 443). The culture care theory could lead to improvements in clinical decision making in that the n
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Approximate Word count = 1589
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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