Custodial Care & the Elderly Chapter 2 REVIEW OF RELEVANT LITERATURE

Literature relevant to the problem investigated is reviewed in this chapter. Literature is reviewed with respect to (1) physical and mental changes in the elderly which may cause a need for custodial care, (2) types of care and alternative venues for its provision, (3) funding alternatives for custodial care for the elderly, (4) a comparison of the provision and funding of custodial care for the elderly in the United States and Canada, and (5) demographics of the elderly segment of the Bermudian population.

Physical and Mental Changes in the Elderly

Physical and mental changes in the elderly which may lead to the necessity of custodial care are discussed in the contexts of (1) sensory change, (2) learning and memory, (3) depression, and (4) physical deterioration. Each of these categories is reviewed separately, although all may affect an elderly individual.

For purposes of this research, hearing loss is used as the vehicle to discuss the effects on older persons of sensory

5 6change. Further, this discussion is based on a hearing deficit which is not correctable through surgery or with electronic devices.

Sensory deprivation, including hearing loss, may lead to panic, delusions, and other aberrant mental behavior (Kaplan, & Sadock, 1984). While loss of hearing may occur as a consequence of the ageing process, it may also occur as a product of ps

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ly was in the home (Murphy, 1982). Thus, the home health care concept is not so much an innovation, as it is a revival of an old idea. 13 Home health care is oriented toward those individuals requiring longterm care, where the condition of the patient does not require constant access to either sophisticated hospital facilities or health care professionals. Some studies indicate that many patientsamong them the aged and the chronicaly illcan receive a superior quality of care in the home (Heald, 1986). The delivery of care services in the home is a complex process. There are four major areas of activityinfusion therapy, personnel services, the provision and operation of durable medical equipment in the home, and selfcare (Edmondson, 1985). Infusion therapy involves the administration of fluids intravenously, through the nose, or directly into the intestine. Basic nutrition, antibiotics, painkillers, chemotherapy, and dialysis are provided. Personnel companies provide nurses, health aids, and therapists to care consumers in the homes of the consumers. Durable medical equipment manufacturers provide such equipment as self walkers, wheelchairs, oxygen concentrators and other aids for daily living that en

Category: Psychology - C