Runway De-icing Problem

The recent crash (spring 1992) of an airliner at La Guardia Airport, in which icing on the wings was implicated as a causal factor, has intensified the debates over (1) the role deicing plays in air transportation safety, and (2) the extent to which pilots are responsible for air transportation problems were deicing is implicated as a causal factor. The fatal crash at La Guardia was only the latest of several in recent years in North America in which deicing was implicated as a causal factor.

It is proposed that a research study be conducted, the purpose of which will be to examine the deicing problem as it affects air transportation safety. Specifically, the focus of the proposed research will be the assessment of the following questions:

1. To what extent should airline pilots be responsible for assuring that effective deicing procedures are observed, and that aircraft do not takeoff until such procedures have been effected?

2. To what extent should airline pilots be responsible for formulating and determining the adequacy of deicing procedures?

The findings of the proposed research study will be presented in the form of a fivechapter research paper. Chapter titles and contents for the proposed research paper will be as follows:

Chapter 1Introduction: This chapter will state and explain the problem investigated, describe and explain the research methodology employed, and outline t

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1991 is $2.5 billion. Increased depreciation charges will push the industry as a whole into a negative profitability situation for all of 1991, as the estimated industry net loss for the year is $270 million. The industry net profit margin in 1987 was 4.4 percent, while the net loss in 1991 is projected at 0.6 percent. The industry is projected to return to marginal profitability (twopercent net profit) in 1992, and to increase its net profit margin to 3.5 percent by 1996 (Collins, 1991b, p. 252). Total longterm debt in the airline industry in 1991 is $10.8 billion, or 0.9 times shareholder equity. The plight of many individual carriers is much worse than the average conditions for the industry. This point may be illustrated through an examination of profitability at three of the nation's major trunk carriersAmerican Airlines (the largest American carrier), Continental Airlines (the fourth largest American carrier), and Delta Airlines (the third largest American carrier). United Airlines is the second largest American carrier. Continental and USAir have sought protection from creditors through filing under Chapter 11 of the federal bankruptcy act. Trans World has simply suspended payments to creditors, while the comp
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Overall Delta, Investors Service, Continental Airlines, North America, A1A3 Industry, Overall American, Transportation Safety, TWA Easterncontrolled, Guardia Airport, Aviation Administration, net profit, air transportation, transportation safety, collins 1991b, air transportation safety, collins 1991b 252, 1991b 252, net loss, longterm debt, value line, operating profitability, profit margin, net profit margin, value line investment, line investment survey,
Approximate Word count = 1622
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)

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