Popularity of Richard the Lion Hearted Richard Plantagenet, who reigned from 1189

The great irony of Richard's enduring popularity as a figure of historical legend is that it has very little to do with his actual character and career, both of which are known in considerable detail. This is not the case with other wellremembered monarchs. Henry VIII and his daughter Elizabeth I are perhaps the only other historical King and Queen of England to survive as household names on a level with Richard. In both of their cases, however, the legend has a recognizable basis in history. Henry was not simply the tyrant who chopped off his wives' heads, and Elizabeth was not simply Gloriana the Virgin Queen  but their image

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itaine, and Geoffrey Normandy, each with their appendages. (The original division was made before John came along; he therefore grew up with no set inheritance and thus acquired the soubriquet "John Lackland.") The intended division of the "family properties" was the root cause of the complex series of civil wars fought between Henry II, his wife, and his sons in various combinations. Henry's eldest son, also named Henry, was crowned King of England in his father's lifetime (a frequent practice in this period). It was clearly anticipated that he would be "chairman" of the family in the next generation. However, he had no assigned lands of his own as a young man, and this perceived slight roused him to revolt. Subsequently, Henry II's efforts to shift territories and strongholds among his sons led to further civil wars within the family. Richard's assigned portion from the beginning was the duchy of Aquitaine, which had come to the Angevin family through his mother, Eleanor of Aquitaine. Richard was Eleanor's favorite son.24 Moreover, Eleanor believed  rightly, in terms of feudal inheritance law  that Aquitaine was ultimately hers to dispose of, not her husband's.25 Thus, when Henry attempted to transfer some
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Approximate Pages = 28 (250 words per page)

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