Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Section

An article reporting the behaviors of women experiencing both cesarean and vaginal births is critiqued in this research. The article critiqued is as follows:

Fawcett, Jacqueline, Larraine Tulman, & Jane P. Spedden. (1994, MarchApril). Responses to vaginal birth after cesarean section. Journal of Gynecological Nursing, 23(3), 253259.

The three researchers are all qualified to perform the type of research reported in the critiqued article. Fawcett is a professor at the Pennsylvania School of Nursing, and Tulman is an associated professor at the same institution. Spedden is a staff nurse in obstetrics at Lancaster General Hospital, Lancaster, Pennsylvania.

In developing the research problem, the authors noted that the proportion of cesarean sections to total births in the United States had risen from approximately fivepercent in 1968 to nearly 24 percent in 1989. The authors also observed that, while cesarean section led to improved outcomes for some complications of pregnancy, negative consequences were also associated with delivery by cesarean section. As a results of these anomalies, both physicians and women have begun to question the dictum "Once a cesarean, always a cesarean." Flowing from this skepticism has been an increase in vaginal deliveries for women who previously had delivered through lowsection cesareans. This type of delivery is referred to a

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s. In the adaptation model of nursing, system effectors are the adaptive modes. These modes (physiologic, selfconcept, role function, and interdependence) are the form in which regulator and cognator subsystems manifest their activity. The patient's (adaptive system's) output is a response which may be adaptive or ineffective. Adaptive responses contribute to adaptive goals that promote health, survival, reproduction, and selfmastery. Adaptation responses contribute to health; ineffective responses do not. Roy's Adaptation Model is easily linked to the problem of assessing women's reactions to VBAC. The connection was well established by the researchers. Research Variables The only independent variable was the delivery procedure, which was classified as either vaginal or cesarean. The dependent variables were the perceptions of the women included in the research sample. These women were not furnished with a list of factors to serve as dependent variables. Rather, the data were collected through the conduct of openended interviews. Once these data were collected, content analysis was used to identify the most prevalent positive and negative outcomes associated with both vaginal and cesarean deliveries. The women inc
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Adaptation Model, Data Analysis, Research Variables, Pennsylvania Research, VBAC Additionally, Research Design, Questionnaire BEQ, VBAC POBS, Gynecological Nursing, SECTION Introduction, critiqued article, reported critiqued, reported critiqued article, research sample, included research, included research sample, women included, study reported, study reported critiqued, vaginal birth, women included research, adaptation model, birth experience, percent women, prior cesarean birth,
Approximate Word count = 1514
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)

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