MIDWIFERY AS A PROFESSION Introduction This r

Profession is defined by the Merriam Webster's Collegiate Dictionary, 10th edition, as "A calling requiring specialized knowledge and often long and intensive academic preparation" (cited by Kraus, 1997). In 1990, The International Confederation of Midwives adopted the following definition of Midwife:

A person who, having been regularly admitted to a midwifery educational programme, duly recognized in the country in which it is located, has successfully completed the prescribed course of studies in midwifery and has acquired the requisite qualifications to be registered and/or legally licensed to practice midwifery (Kraus, Editorial).

The Board of Directors of the American College of Nurse-Midwives (ACNM) complies with this definition. The definition of midwife is distinguished from the following definition of Traditional Birth Attendant (TBA), which was published by the World Health Organization in

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ined settlers in America. By the end of the eighteenth century, men-midwives had grown in number and control in Europe and their domination of the health care system began to influence childbirth in America (Ashford, p. 66; McCool & McCool, 1989, pp. 326-7). Women remained the voices in the Popular Health Movement of the 1830s and 40s. However, as men became trained and considered to be more knowledgeable regarding health matters, and the American Medical Association (AMA) was formed in 1948, the controversy between doctors and midwives became present in the U.S. as well. The 20th century brought the growing medical profession to the forefront and the continued argument against midwifery. Knowledge was generated in universities and was unavailable to the midwife, and the physician viewed pregnancy and childbirth as needing intervention, much as an illness. Even though statistics showed that mortality birth rates were higher with physician attendance only, the culture favored scientific technology and doctors and began to fear the midwife (McCool & McCool, pp. 323-7; Ashford, p. 66). Education & Midwifery As the profession was declining in the U.S., it was also growing as midwifery responded to the demands of the medic
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