The Liberty League
Alfred Emanuel Smith, or Al Smith,
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Alfred Emanuel Smith, or Al Smith, was an American political leader who was elected governor of New York four times. In 1928, he was an unsuccessful candidate for president of the United States. He became active in politics at the age of 22 and worked his way up in the Tammany Hall machine to become a leader of the Democratic Party. He was elected to the state legislature of New York in 1903 and first became governor of New York in 1919. He ran for President in 1924 but failed to win the Democratic Party's nomination. However, he did receive the nomination in 1928 with the help of his friend and associate, Franklin D. Roosevelt. He lost the election to Herbert Hoover. Some voters opposed Smith because he was a Roman Catholic and because he opposed prohibition (Johnson, 1997, 738). As the Great Depression began, Smith supported federal spending, but later, Smith broke with his friend Roosevelt, who by then had been elected president in 1932, and Smith became critical of Roosevelt's New Deal policies and joined the Liberty League, an anti Roosevelt group. He also became involved in one of the strangest plots in American history, an attempt to overthrow Roosevelt's government by business interests opposed to the New Deal and all it represented. The American Liberty League would not survive this attempt. PROHIBITION AND THE GREAT DEPRESSION Prohibition was instituted with a constitutional amendment--the Eighteenth Amendment--in 1919. This was the fir
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thout any new ideas for coping with the tragedy of the Great Depression. The New Deal of President Roosevelt did not come into being all at once but instead came in waves. The first New Deal extended from 1933 to 1935 and offered recovery from the Depression and relief for the poor and unemployed. Roosevelt was responding to a clear need, but to do this he tested a number of programs to find what would work. He believed in economic planning and government spending to help the poor, and the changes he made were conservative because he could have done much more and used the crisis as an excuse to promote socialism or to nationalize the banks. He was able to do as much as he did because other institutions in the government also responded to the crisis. What is called the Second New Deal came in 1935 as Roosevelt moved toward the goals of social reform and social justice while also abandoning attempts to cooperate with the business community, again responding to a perception of crisis rather than to group pressure.
As noted, Al Smith opposed Prohibition, supported the New Deal in its early years, then changed and opposed further policies instituted by Roosevelt. When Prohibition was repealed, forces agitating for this move cl
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Approximate Word count = 2824
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)
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