The islands of the Caribbean
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The islands of the Caribbean have had been part of the history of the New World since the time of their discovery by Columbus. The island of Haiti served as the central base for the exploration and conquest of much of the Western Hemisphere and was also key in the development of slavery in the western hemisphere. The island was first sighted by Christopher Columbus in 1492, and the island played a role in Spanish history for as long as Spain has had important political and commercial interests in this Hemisphere. Haiti would become the dominant force by the nineteenth century, and the Dominican Republic would not emerge from under Haiti's shadow until 1844. The history of this region has been such that the development of democratic institutions has been difficult, and first Hispaniola and then Haiti and the Dominican Republic have been under the control for much of their history either of foreign governments or local despots. The Haitian revolution indicated the dissatisfaction of the slave population and would point to how that population would eventually react throughout the region to foreign domination and oppression. La Isla Espa?ola, or Hispaniola, was found by Columbus when his fleet crossed the Windward Passage and arrived at night near the Haitian harbor what would become San Nicolas, named for the patron saint of children. The Indian guides assured Columbus that he would find gold on the great island, known to be the home of their ancestors. When the fleet
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by the governor, the crown established the audiencia, a new political institution intended to check the power of the governor. This was a tribunal composed of three judges, and the use of this approach spread throughout Spanish America. In 1524 the tribunal was designated the Royal Audiencia of Santo Domingo and given jurisdiction in the Caribbean, the Atlantic coast of Central America and Mexico, and the northern coast of South America. Charles V of Spain created the Council of the Indies in 1524 as the crown's main agency for directing colonial affairs. The Roman Catholic Church became the primary agency for spreading Spanish culture in the Americas, and the ecclesiastical organization developed for Santo Domingo and later extended throughout Spanish America involved a union of church and state that was closer than what was common in Spain itself (Haggerty 6).
In the eighteenth century, landowners in the Spanish colony did little with their land, and many of the sugar plantations along the southern coast were abandoned because of threats by pirates. Foreign trade all but ended, and nearly all domestic commerce was confined to the capital city. In Spain, the Bourbons were replaced by the Habsburgs in 1700, and the new reg
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Approximate Word count = 2207
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page)
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