Memo on Use of Atomic Bomb ;  ¦  

SUBJECT: USE OF THE ATOMIC BOMB AGAINST JAPAN

Pursuant to your directive, the question of the use of the atomic bomb against Japan as a part of the military campaign against that country has been studied. The compelling issues that affect this decision are related to (1) the technological ability to deliver such a weapon in a timely manner, (2) the extent to which the use of the atomic bomb will advance attainment of the military objectives of the United States, (3) the effect that the use of such a weapon will have on the safety of American military personnel, (4) the extent to which the use of the atomic bomb will enhance the post-war international position of the United States, (5) the effect that use of the atomic bomb will have on American public opinion, and (6) international perceptions of the United States that may derive from use of the atomic bomb against Japan. Each of these issues is addressed in this memorandum prior to the presentation of the decision recommendation.

The prediction of the Director of the Manhattan project in April of this year was that an atomic weapon would be ready for use in the war in early-August 1945 (Truman 419). This prediction has now been confirmed. The scientists involved in the development of the atomic bomb do not believe that a fu

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dreadfully wrong. The Japanese pushed the Chinese army southeastward, and on the day before the Nationalist capital of Nanking fell to Japanese forces, Japanese military planes attacked the American gunboat Panay, as American diplomats were being loaded at Nanking for evacuation to Shanghai (Calvocoressi, Wint, and Pritchard 840-841). The decision to attack the Panay was made by the Japanese military pilots making the attack, as opposed to either the Japanese military command in China or the Japanese government. Nevertheless, the attack was made possible by a policy of the Japanese military command in China that provided for attacks on all Yangtze River traffic north of Nanking in an effort to cut-off retreating Chinese troops. The sinking of the Panay elicited a strong anti-Japanese response from the Roosevelt Administration, but only a "brief flurry of public indignation" in the United States (Popper 1-2). The Japanese government apologized for the Panay incident before the United States government could lodge an official protest, and this quick apology plus the offer of the Japanese government to pay indemnity for the attack relieved the tension and resentment held by the American public over the incident (Popper 1-2). Th
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Approximate Word count = 4497
Approximate Pages = 18 (250 words per page)

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