Chaning Computer Technology & Computer Eduation

Computers have become an integral part of classroom instruction. Today, no teacher can be effective without a thorough knowledge of computers and their numerous applications. Computers assist teachers in their daily classroom tasks and, in some cases, Computer Assisted Instructional (CAI) software eliminates the need for instruction by humans. Computer technology changes so rapidly that continuing computer education is mandatory for the conscientious educator.

Computers are essentially machines that receive, store, and process data, and convert data into information through the use of programs. Programs contain the instructions that run the computer and are written in language that the computer can understand. Computer systems are the actual physical apparatus categorized as hardware and software. Hardware includes the machine parts we see that we call a computer: keyboards, monitors, disk drives, printers, scanners, etc. Software, also referred to as a computer program, is the set of instructions on which the computer hardware operates. Software can be categorized into two main divisions: operating system software and applications software. Operating software oversees the flow of data to and from the computer. Applications software allows the user to complete specific tasks.

Computers range in complexity from supercomputers to microcomputers, and vary considerably in price and speed. Supercomputers analyze intricate instructions at lightning speed while s

Tutorial software affords student control through three methods: program control, adaptive control, and adaptive advertisement. Program control limits the student to going forward or backward within the program. Adaptive control customizes the tutorial to fit the needs and ability of the student. Adaptive advertisement suggests options for the student who makes the final decision. Other features of tutorial software include sequencing (the order in which concepts are presented), pretesting (determining the level of students' prerequisite knowledge), motivation (inducing students to use the tutorial), modes of presentation (the graphics, length, and layout of the tutorial), and assessment and evaluation (determining whether learning has occurred). Simulation software permits students to experience real-world environments that might be inaccessible to them under normal circumstances. Simulation software helps students develop mental models, and is divided into the following categories: procedural, situational, physical, and process-oriented. Procedural tutorials teach students the step-by-step process of achieving a specific goal such as building a house. Situational software allows the user to examine social or behaviora

Category: Science - C