Third World Countries The purpose of this research is t

What must be understood in any examination of the tension between the concept of development and economics and politics in the Third World is that, repeatedly, the domestic politics of the situation manifest most strongly, no matter what other area of concern, including international opinion, is involved. Governments that owe great international debt, even the most authoritarian and repressive, cannot control the domestic results of policies that are based on debt service or debt relief (Haggard & Kaufman, 19tk). Nor are all the tensions of domestic politics equally obvious. For example, many conflicts appear to be of the "either-or" variety. That is, there is a pro and a con to every issue. But as a matter of fact, the positions are not so simply stated. As a matter of fact, several specific political constituencies or interest groups (Nelson, 1990a & 1990b) may see the issues of development and interest-group preservation very differently, and groups may differ both with each other and wi

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ndustry base is not diversified and to the degree its internal administrative mechanisms are primitive. The case of Nigeria illustrates the cost of cooperation with the IMF and World Bank philosophy (Biersteker, 1989). In Nigeria in the 1970s and 1980s, virtually the only industry of the country was petroleum exportation. When Nigeria first approached the IMF for funding in the 1970s, it was suffering from the collapse of international oil prices. IMF aid was conditioned on severe austerity measures. Many such measures were enacted, except with regard to the connected issues of currency devaluation, high tariffs, and government petroleum-industry subsidies. This, along with Nigeria's legendary government corruption and periodic coups, discouraged foreign investment and kept the IMF from granting Nigeria a loan. Short-term expedient rather than long-term effective solutions were typical, which is consistent with Haggard and Kaufman's argument about concern over who in government has access to state funds and when. IMF conditions were generally favored by successive state regimes because of the need for capital, but there was "broad-based opposition" from labor (against wage austerity), industry (against tariff dismantling), and int
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Approximate Word count = 2001
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)

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