The Crow Indians
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The Crow Indians called themselves the Absaroka, which is Siouan for "bird people." Their name among whites became that of the well-known bird. Early in their history, they left the Hidatsas of the upper Missouri in what is now North Dakota because of a dispute over buffalo. Led by Chief No Vitals, the Crows then migrated farther upriver, to the Yellowstone River at the foot of the Rocky Mountains. This territory is presently in southern Montana and northern Wyoming. The Crows who settled north of the Yellowstone toward the Musselshell River became known as the Mountain Crow because of the high terrain. Those who lived to the south, along the valleys of the Big Horn, Powder, and Wind rivers, came to be called the River Crow.Both groups of Crows gave up the village life of their Hidatsa kinsmen. They stopped farming for food, growing only tobacco crops from then on; they no longer constructed earthlodges; and they stopped making pottery. The Crows chose the life of the Plains Indians instead. This meant they lived in hide tepees, in camps which they moved often, following the herds of buffalo and other game. They also ate wild plant food. The horse, when they acquired it in the 1700s, drastically changed their hunting and warfare patterns by allowing them to travel faster and farther than before. Before the Lewis and Clark expedition through Crow country in 1805-6, very few white men had ever seen the Crow Indians. In 1743, the La Verendryes brothers had visited
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strain of the tribe to about 25 percent of the population by the beginning of World War I. In recent years, the number of full-bloods has decreased rapidly.
The Apaches, another Plains Indian tribe, had the reputation of being the most polished "masters of ruthless guerrilla fighting in the history of the United States." There are seven recognized Apachean-speaking tribes: Chiricahua, Jicarilla, Kiowa-Apache, Lipan, Mescalero, Navaho, and Western Apache. The traditional territories associated with the Apacheans included a good deal of eastern Arizona, southeastern Colorado, much of New Mexico, adjoining sections of Mexico, southeastern Colorado, western Oklahoma, the Oklahoma and Texas Panhandles, and western, central, and southern Texas. Some of these tribes share the same myths and tales. For example, the same account of the beginning of agriculture, involving a man who travels down a waterway in a hollow log and is aided by his pet turkey, appears among the Navajo, Western Apache, Jicarilla, and Lipan and is absent in the three other groups. The same four tribes have an account of emergence from an underworld. These and many other common concepts argue against early separation of the Navajo and Western Apache.
The Ap
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Approximate Word count = 2506
Approximate Pages = 10 (250 words per page)
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