Cryptosporidiosis Cause Cryptosporidiosis is c

The protozoan C. parvum is usually ingested as an oocyst measuring from four to six microns in diameter (3). Once it gets into the digestive system, the protective outer layer of the oocyst softens and the oocyst splits open and releases four sporozoites into the cells of the small intestine. The sporozoites reproduce asexually and produce more organisms which infect more cells. This leads to a rapid spread of the organisms in the intestine of the host.

C. parvum was first thought to be transmitted directly from animals to man, but now it has been found to be transmitted from person to person through the fecal-oral route, by inanimate objects, by eating contaminated food which has not been cooked properly or is eaten raw, and through drinking contaminated water (3). The protozoan infects wild animals, domestic animals, pets, and humans.

Filth flies have been found to be a host for C. parvum (4). Research has shown that coprophilic flies breeding on or in contact with fecal matter harbor both externally and internally, oocysts of C. parvum, and indicates that these flie

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ut may become chronic in people who are immunosuppressed either by being on medication or by having AIDS. Patients may seem to recover, then suffer a relapse of symptoms (3). The disease is most severe in the very young and the elderly, as well as the immunosuppressed. Intestinal Cryptosporidiosis can become life-threatening in the immunocompromised patient (1). Diagnosis Cryptosporidiosis can be diagnosed by examination of fresh stool specimens by phase contrast microscopy (2). The oocysts are highly refractile and contain several dark granules. Another diagnostic technique is to examine heat fixed smears of stool specimens stained with a modified acid-fast method or auramine to demonstrate oocysts. The organisms stain pink to deep red and the background stains blue using the acid-fast staining method. An ELISA test can also be used. When iodine is added to wet preparations, yeast cells stain, but the Cryptosporidium do not, so can easily be distinguished(3). This technique is more difficult if there are few oocysts or many artifacts in the sample. A routine ova and parasite concentration technique using 10 percent formalin and ethyl acetate can also be used. C. parvum is pelleted in this technique. A monoclonal an
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