UPPP and Tonsillectomy Surgeries
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The uvulopalatopharyngoplasty (UPPP) and tonsillectomy are common surgeries and, are also done as part of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) surgery (Colin, 2002). The UPPP is done under general anesthesia and is a painful procedure which causes a shortening and stiffening of the soft palate by removing part of the uvula and reducing the edge of the soft palate (Colin, 2002; Dickson and Mintz, 2002). The palate functions as a valve which separates the nose and the mouth. As such, it may stick either open or closed after surgery. If the palate does not completely seal the nose from the mouth after surgery, this causes excess nasal tones and leakage of fluid from the nose. Severe scarring of the palate occurs occasionally after palatal surgery which could potentially worsen OSA, and make speech unusually non-nasal sounding. Some patients experience a feeling that there is something stuck in their throat when swallowing after UPPP surgery, and this is also due to scar formation. (OSA) can be treated with Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) treatment, however it is estimated that up to 60 percent of OSA patients either do not accept this treatment or use it inconsistently (Loube, 1999). UPPP performed with a scalpel used to be the only alternative treatment for OSA, but there are now alternative methods, including LAUP, Cautery-Assisted Palatal Stiffening Operation (CAPSO), radiofrequency energy surgery (Somnoplasty), and CO2 laser surgery (Loube, 2002; Dickson and M
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elium, and polymorphonuclear leucocytes were often found at their base along the oral side. The lamina propria was changed the most, with dense fibrotic tissue composed of tightly arranged collagen fibers with few fibrocytes replacing the loose connective tissue throughout the layer.
Adjacent to the oral mucosa there were isolated pockets of inflammation. Glandular tissue and excretory ducts were markedly dilated in both the lamina propria and the central core of the soft palate. The fibrotic changes also invaded the central core of the soft palate and replaced many of the glands and striated muscle fibers. Mucous glands, which are normally surrounded by muscle, were surrounded bu fibrotic tissue. The structure of the muscle bundles was destroyed by fibrotic tissue.
These changes had all occurred after a single laser application, and worsened after each successive treatment. The worst fibrosis was seen after three such treatments, after which fibrosis extended to the lamina propria of the nasopharynx, causing more destruction of glands and muscles, and almost total loss of normal palatal structure. The nature of the changes was not dependent of whether the incisions were vertical or horizontal, or whether ther
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Some common words found in the essay are:
UPPP LAUP, Dickson Mintz, Rebeiz Shapshay, Shima Ohyama, Merrick Peterson, Azumi Ueno, LAUP EAUP, soft palate, Apnea OSA, Pressure CPAP, Finkelstein Ophir, ndyag laser, lamina propria, scar tissue, co2 laser, laser surgery, upper airway, contact ndyag, co2 contact ndyag, stiffening soft, snoring osa, dickson mintz 2002, contact ndyag laser, brown merrick peterson, berger finkelstein ophir,
Approximate Word count = 1657
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)
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