GENDER AND ALCOHOL USE PATTERNS
Abstract
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The purpose of this research paper was to investigate gender and alcohol use patterns. Studies regarding risk of dependence for men and women are consistent; the risk of alcoholism is reported to be greater for male offspring of alcoholic parents and environmental factors are more associated with females. Findings regarding expectancies are less consistent; some studies report that women and men have different beliefs that effect drinking behavior, others state that these differences are disappearing with the increase of drinking in women. Differences in gender effects of alcohol remain unclear; some report that women tend to be more susceptible to adverse effects. Research regarding depression is even less clear, depression is linked to both women and men. Treatment studies show that men tend to demonstrate more lifelong problems and tend to seek immediate treatment less than women. This research paper will address differing aspects of alcohol addiction/abuse for men and women. Included in the discussion will be gender specific differences with regard to the following: etiological and inheritance risk; expectancies; effects; depressive symptoms; and treatment. Jang, Livesley, and Vernon (1997) reported that consistent in the literature is the finding that there are differences in risk of dependence for men and women. The risk of alcoholism is found to be greater for male offspring of alcoholic paren
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erature is the finding that there are differences in rates of consumption and abuse, for men and women. Greater alcohol and illicit drug use is reported for males (Jang, Livesley, & Vernon, 1997, p. 1265). Less consistent are findings regarding gender effects of alcohol. Schuckit, Daeppen, Tipp, Hesselbrock, and Bucholt (1998) studied the clinical course of problems associated with alcohol abuse and found no differences between males and females (p. 581).
Alternatively, Mumenthaler, Taylor, O'Hara, and Yesavage (1999) report that fewer women are considered heavy drinkers than men and women are more effected than men regarding short- and long-term consequences. Women become more impaired than men do when drinking similar amounts of alcohol and they suffer more health effects such as alcoholic liver disease. However, the prevalence of chronic problems is lower for women, which may be due to the lower number of heavy drinkers (2% American women compared to 9% American men). Moderate drinking effects on both men and women include disturbances of "sensory information processing, short-term memory, reaction time, and eye-hand coordination (p. 55).
Women have more body fat and less water, proportionally, than men of the same
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Miller Cervantes, American Moderate, Livesley Vernon, , Hearst Moos, Parsons Stevens, O'Hara Yesavage, Thesis Gender, Whitfield Martin, Expectancy Questionnaire, gender differences, alcohol abuse, effects alcohol, alcohol consumption, depressive symptoms, 1997 studied, alcohol expectancies, 1997 gender, 1997 gender differences, livesley vernon, results study, et al pp, livesley vernon 1997, jang livesley vernon, glenn parsons stevens,
Approximate Word count = 2062
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)
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