Hydraulic Industry
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Primitive man used simple machines such as levers, the inclined plane, the pulley, the wedge, the wheel, and axle. It was considerably later that man discovered that it was possible to employ liquids and gasses to exert forces at a distance, leading to the introduction of a complex array of new machines based upon what is now known as fluid mechanics and/or hydraulics (Hydraulic pressure, 1998). A machine that transmits pressure by a liquid is a hydraulic machine, a technique discovered by Pascal, who found that a pressure applied to any part of a confined fluid transmits to every other part with no loss. The pressure acts with equal force on all equal areas of the confining vaults and perpendicular to the walls' in other words, pressure results from the interactions of pipes and cylinders and produces motion of various types (Hydraulic pressure, 1998). While hydraulics are regularly employed in a wide range and variety of industrial settings, this brief report will offer an overview of the current state of hydraulics in the marine industry. It will demonstrate that the applications being employed and developed in this single industrial sector are extensive and varied. Progress is the "name of the game" in the hydraulics industry today, where new technologies, new design strategies, and new types of partnerships with customers are fueling change (Gilchrist, 1999). Mobile hydraulics, or hydraulics used on non-stationary equipment, have become the focus of intensive researc
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e exerts its force on each square inch of the surface area of the four pistons. Since the pistons are large, a total lifting force results. Either reversing the pump or opening a valve and closing a second valve lowers the elevator; the weight of the elevator then forces the oil out of the cylinders and back into the elevator (Uses of hydraulic..., 1998).
The foregoing relatively simple explanation of how a single marine hydraulic system function serves to illustrate the viability of such systems in general. Most traditional systems of this sort employ an oil as the hydraulic fluid of choice; in recent years, however, water has been found to offer a number of advantages over oil. It is environmentally friendly, non-flammable, clean, and far less costly in terms of initial fill, replacement and disposal (Pederson, 1997). Experimentation with water as an alternative to oil has been ongoing for some time. A number of experimental vessels employ water rather than oil in such marine systems as elevator lifts and sonar systems, but oil is regarded by many in the industry as provided enhanced compressibility and reduction in pressure peaks - leading in turn to systems that can be reduced in size (Pederson, 1997).
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Approximate Word count = 2106
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)
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