The Hubble Space Telescope
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The Hubble Space Telescope is a cooperative program of the European Space Agency (ESA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) for the operation of a long lived space based observatory for the benefit of the international astronomical community. The idea was first developed in the 1940s, designed and built in the 1970s and 80s, and made operational only in the 1990s. This was to be a different type of mission for NASA, to create a long term space based observatory. In order to accomplish this goal and to protect the spacecraft against instrument and equipment failures, NASA had always planned on regular servicing missions. The Hubble has special grapple fixtures, 76 handholds, and is stabilized in all three axes. The Hubble is a 2.4 meter reflecting telescope which was deployed in low Earth orbit at 600 kilometers by the crew of the space shuttle Discovery on 25 April 1990. Responsibility for conducting and coordinating the science operations of the Hubble Space Telescope rests with the Space Telescope Science Institute on the Johns Hopkins University Homewood Campus in Baltimore, Maryland, which in turn is operated for NASA by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc. ("General Overview of the Hubble Space Telescope," 1999). Since its deployment, the Hubble has returned thousands of phonographs and other data and has been instrumental in a number of important discoveries and in testing and confirming various theories.
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. Hubble has ruled out a lambda-dominated universe. The Hubble Telescope is the most powerful facility for ultraviolet spectroscopy ever launched. Other discoveries have been made with reference to quasars, intergalactic clouds, flare stars, and so on (Maran, 1992, 619-625).
Black holes are theorized celestial bodies with a surface gravity so strong that nothing can escape from them, including light. If a star more massive than the Sun should undergo gravitational collapse at the end of its evolution, it will form either a white dwarf, a neutron star, of a black hole, depending primarily on its mass. There are only two ways to detect black holes. If the process of collapse is nonspherical because the star is rotating and flattened at the poles, then gravitational waves could be given off just before the black hole is formed; such waves would be detectable. The other way is through the interactions of the black hole with other matter. If the black hole is formed in a binary star system, for instance, gas from the normal star might flow toward the black hole, its molecules increasing in speed to near the speed of light. As such molecules bunch up and are heated to high temperatures, x-rays are emitted, and such x-rays hav
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Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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