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determine its forms."4Lenin applied Marxist

theory to imperialism and concluded that monopoly capitalism

would get the state into fierce competitive struggles abroad and

wars which would hasten the final collapse of capitalism.

NeoMarxists grafted refinements on the MarxEngelLenin

theory of the state. Under Miliband's instrumentalist theory of

the state, the state would have relative autonomy and would

consist of "a foundation of economic relations upon which the

ideological and political superstructure is constructed" and

through which " a single dominant class . . . is able to

manipulate the state apparatus."5Draper went further, arguing

that an "autonomized" state had emerged in modern society which

"is no longer the resultant of the actual class forces in society

but stands in antagonism to all social classes." This situation

(he says) had come about because "the political superstructure

has torn loose from the social foundations."6

More orthodox NeoMarxists such as Cameron rejected the

the views of the autonomists as heresy, a new expression of an old reformistsocialist view that the "State runs the capitalists

and not the capitalists the state."7Poulantzas said that the

"state is capitalist because it operates within a capitalist mode

of production . . . the state has no option but to conform to the

needs of capital."8The derivationists such as Holloway and

Picciotto said "the state becomes necessary to counter the self

destructive processes of capitalism."9Further refinements were

added by Gold et al. and Dear and Clark who said that the "state

[was] a form of mystification whereby class conflicts are hidden

behind a national consensus."10Gramsci and his followers added

that "hegemony is the political, intellectual and moral

leadership of the dominant class which results in the dominant

class actively consenting to their own...