Syllogistic Arguments
1. P1: Jesus chose only male apost
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1. P1: Jesus chose only male apostles.P2: The priesthood is patterned after the office of the apostles. P3: Therefore, priests must be male. 2. The syllogistic argument stated above is valid in so far as it goes. The arguments make sense, and the two propositions would lead to the final conclusion. However, the argument is questionable because it is based on something imposed after the fact. Jesus did not state that only males could be apostles--at least it does not say so here. It only says that he chose males for apostles and that the Church thereafter followed this rule without being told it was a rule. There is an assumption in the first proposition that this is the way it has to be. 3. P1:Jesus chose as his apostles only Jews who spoke Aramaic, who were married, and who had not read the (nonexistent) gospels. P2: The priesthood is modeled after the apostles. P3: Therefore priests should be Jews who speak Aramaic, who are married, and who have not read the (now in existence) gospels. Since none of these characteristics are necessary for the priesthood--and indeed some of them are proscribed for the priesthood--the similar argument made by the Pope is invalid. 4. P1:Jesus followed the customs of his society in selecting males rather than females as his apostles. P2: The priesthood is modeled after the selection of the apostles. P3:Therefore the Church should follow the customs of the time and admit both men and women as equal
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to reduced choice and other problems for the consumer.
Exercise Three
1. Horvat is hardly the only theorist to assume that we are not truly free and self-governing because we are subject to the decisions and manipulations of a ruling elite, yet it is not at all clear that this idea, even if assumed to be true, would mean that we were not free or self-governing or that we were ruled by an ideology that masked the reality. Horvat refers, for instance, to the fact that political parties dominate democracy and are themselves dominated by political bosses and party machines.
It is true that political parties are something of a problem in any analysis of the American political system because in a way the parties have been grafted onto the underlying political structure. Political parties are not mentioned at all in the Constitution and may not have been intended at all by the Founding Fathers, but even before the Constitution was ratified there was a political division into factions not unlike political parties with the Federalists and the Anti-Federalists, each of which would indeed metamorphose into a political party within a short time. At the same time, there are constitutional constraints and institutional reforms that ha
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Approximate Word count = 1322
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)
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