Mill, Marx, Nietzsche, Freud, Kant
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4. John Stuart Mill in his work On Liberty proposed a simple principle for determining whether society has a right to limit individual freedom, a principle based on utilitarian concepts and applicable to the individual in his or her dealings with society. that principle can be stated as follows. Mill asserts the principle of non-interference where the individual is concerned, though this applies only to adults and not to children. Mill bases his idea on the self-development of the individual. He does not, however, base this idea on any sense that there is a natural right on the part of the individual to develop himself freely, and instead he bases it on the principle of utility. This principle says that each individual should be free to develop his or her own powers and abilities according to his or her will or judgment as long as they do so in a way that does not interfere with the rights of others. From the standpoint of society, says Mill, this is also desirable because it is preferable that individuals develop themselves freely since this enhances society, while having everyone conform does not. The free development of the individual is one of the principal ingredients of human happiness, and therefore it is a utility for the individual to develop himself freely as a way of achieving that happiness. In Considerations on Representative Government, Mill indicates his dedication to that form while at the same time showing his concern for the excesses of direct democra
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powerless have good reason to fear the strong and powerful, and what they come to feel is ressentiment, a resentment of those with power. The mass of humanity comes to assert its own values as a way of protecting the weak from the powerful, and this leads to the revolt of the slaves. Resentment in this sense is a creative force that produces real change and that brings a new and powerful set of values into being. Nietzsche was attacking Christianity as a morality for the weak, and he argued for the "natural aristocracy" of the superman who, driven by the "will to power," celebrates life on earth rather than sanctifying it for some heavenly reward.
The concept of the Will was derived by Nietzsche from Schopenhauer, though he has modified it to the Will to Power. Nietzsche sees this Will to Power as the cardinal instinct of the organic being. Nietzsche sees the Will to Power as the essence of life and the essence of the world. The Will to Power is therefore not merely a psychological manifestation but imbues not only the living organism but society as well, In the broadest sense, the Will to Power is every will, every force, every energy, all directed toward that insatiable demand for the demonstration of power.
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Approximate Word count = 1533
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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