Social Development of Females
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Elizabeth Heilman (1998) pointed out that the idea of bitter competition among women is ingrained in much of Western literature. She points to the story of Cinderella as a prime example of such tales. While rivalry and competition are present in interpersonal relationships among women, cooperative and collaborative behaviour characterizes most interpersonal relationships among women. Some professional women, such as Judith Briles (1999) and Tara Madden (1987), make careers out of promoting the idea that competition among women in organizations is rife to the point of being out of control. Schaef (1995) argues persuasively that women tend to pursue objectives in organizational with behaviours that are markedly different from those of competitive and aggressive males. The accurate characterization of the behaviour of most women in contemporary organizational environments lies at a point somewhere along the continuum connecting these polar extremes. This literature review is in support of a thesis that explores the interpersonal relationships and behaviours of women in the Canadian military forces. The behavioural focus of the thesis is on interpersonal behaviours that are characterized by rivalry and competition among women in the Canadian forces. The literature presented in this paper, however, focuses on the social development of females in society. Marion Underwood (2003b) studies the causes of social aggression among childre
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igned to situations by the individuals involved in those situations. These subjective interpretations are derived from the definition of the situation from the perspective of an individual who is a part of the situation. It is, according to social interactionists, through social interaction that "individuals apply broad shared symbols and actively create the special meanings of self, others, and situations" (LaRossa & Reitzes, 1993, p. 149).
Within an institutional environment (such as a school) wherein sexism frequently is encountered, social interactionists conceive an organization as a social group. Within such an environment, individuals develop both their own self-concept and individual identity through social interactions within the organizational structure of the environment (Frable, 1993). Within such institutional environments, subjects whose behaviours are characterized by sexism tend to attempt to deny the targets of their behaviour an opportunity to develop legitimate individual identities through free and unprejudicial social interactions within the environmental structure.
The social interactionist perspective does not conflict necessarily with the scripted gender role postulation offered by Bem (1981). Rath
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Abraham Hogg, School Girls, LaRossa Reitzes, Power Feelings, Abrams Hogg, Eiser Van, Olson Zanna, Vold Bernard, According Collins, Tara Madden, social identity, abrams hogg, hogg 1994, abrams hogg 1994, social identity theory, collins 1985, identity theory, university press, scripted gender, larossa reitzes, social psychology, abrams 1994, larossa reitzes 1993, 4th ed york, hogg 1994 3,
Approximate Word count = 4055
Approximate Pages = 16 (250 words per page)
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