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History of Capital Punishment in the U.S. In January 2003, Governor Geor

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In January 2003, Governor George Ryan made headlines when he commuted the death sentences of every convicted criminal on Illinois' death row (Sarat 217). Ryan's action, which affected the death sentences of approximately 167 criminals, came after 13 Illinois death row inmates who had been sentenced to death were subsequently exonerated of their charges (Flock n.p.). Ryan explained his decision by referring to Illinois' death penalty system as "arbitrary and capricious, and therefore immoral" (Sarat 217). He asked that "[i]f the system was making so many errors in determining whether someone was guilty in the first place, how fairly and accurately was it determining which guilty defendants deserved to live and which deserved to die?"

The questions Ryan asked of Illinois' death penalty scheme have been asked of death penalty schemes across the United States and the world throughout the twentieth century. In some cases, the response to these questions has been to abolish the death penalty, as all countries in the European Union have done. In other cases, however, as in 38 states within the United States, the response has been that the beneficial aspects of capital punishment outweigh any of the negative aspects to which Ryan and others refer. This paper explores the history of capital punishment in the United States with a particular emphasis on its support in the country and the arguments that have been made in favor of its abolition. The paper concludes that these ar

. . .
nd 122; Sharp 38). Opponents argue, however, that there are equally effective methods of incapacitation. Imprisonment removes the criminal from the general population and, thereby, makes it impossible for him to commit future crimes. However, supporters of capital punishment argue that imprisonment is an imperfect alternative because there is always the chance that the criminal could get out of jail, either through authorized release or through escape, or even commit more crimes such as battery and murder inside the prison (Lund 122; Sharp 38). Beginning in the early nineteenth century, opponents have argued that imprisonment is a greater deterrent than death because many criminals are more likely to be deterred by the thought of a life in prison than the idea of a quick death (Ferrall 299). On the other hand, supporters of capital punishment have argued that imprisonment is not as great a deterrent because the punishment is now hidden from public view and those at whom deterrence is directed have only secondhand knowledge of an execution (Ferrall 299). Nonetheless, both opponents and supporters of capital punishment can cite studies that death sentences either do or do not deter crime. The honest answer here is probably th
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Approximate Word count = 1691
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)

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