RACIAL PROFILING AND THE LAW TABLE OF CONTE

____A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

1. Origins of racial profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3

____B. 'Driving While Black' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7

1. Racial profiling by police and the war on drugs . . . .7

2. Racial profiling becomes 'politically incorrect.' . . 12

a. Well-publicized racial profiling incidents . . . 15

b. Other racial profiling incidents in or affecting

minority communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19

c. Role of the media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23

d. Pivotal role of Soto and Wilkins in swaying

public opinion against the police use of racial

profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25

3. Executive responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29

a. Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29

b. States and municipalities . . . . . . . . . . . .30

4. Legislative responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

a. Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

b. State legislatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

1. Representative state statutes . . . . . . . 32

c. Case law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

1. States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

2. Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51

5. Racial profiling stops and searches as a public policy

. . .
filing was first used in a 1990 New York Times article. It gradually became in some circles almost synonymous with the traditional term racial discrimination and began to be applied in a variety of non-traffic-related circumstances. 1. In September 1991 the television programs Prime Time and 20/20 presented shows in which black consumers were seen to be the victims of racial profiling. Harris (Anne-Marie) opined that "'shopping while black' involves some of the same risks as 'driving while black.'" A 1997 Gallup Poll showed that 45 percent of blacks claimed to have been so victimized or abused while shopping. 2. A pending class-action law suit in New York State includes an allegation that Macy's policy concerning the targeting of shop-lifters constitutes racial profiling of African-Americans. One African-American plaintiffs consumer class- action case has been settled. Berry v. South East Waffles, L.L.C. No. 4: 01-CV-28 (E.D. Tenn. filed 2/15/02). Settled 8/2/02. Another racial profiling consumer case is still pending in federal district court in Georgia. In a suit filed for violation of state tort, contract, property law and public accommodation statutes (common law duty to serve the public), an African-Ameri
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Nebraska Patrol, Colorado COLOREVSTAT, Analysis Center, Kansas KANSTATANN, Soto Wilkins, , , Oklahoma OKLASTAT, According Cochran, racial profiling, Utah Oregon, War Drugs, Heading Page, law enforcement, enforcement agency, law enforcement agency, motor vehicle, race ethnicity, law enforcement officer, enforcement officer, justice analysis center, maryland justice analysis, analysis center, justice analysis, maryland justice,
Approximate Word count = 10383
Approximate Pages = 42 (250 words per page)