Heading Page Number
____A. Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1. Origins of racial profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . .3
____B. 'Driving While Black' . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .7
1. Racial profiling by police and the war on drugs . . . .7
2. Racial profiling becomes 'politically incorrect.' . . 12
a. Well-publicized racial profiling incidents . . . 15
b. Other racial profiling incidents in or affecting
minority communities . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
c. Role of the media . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
d. Pivotal role of Soto and Wilkins in swaying
public opinion against the police use of racial
profiling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .25
3. Executive responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
a. Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .29
b. States and municipalities . . . . . . . . . . . .30
4. Legislative responses . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
a. Congress . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
b. State legislatures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
1. Representative state statutes . . . . . . . 32
c. Case law . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
1. States . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
2. Federal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5. Racial profiling stops and searches as a public policy
issue . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
____C. Racial Profiling and the War on Terrorism . . . . 66
1. Post-9/11 shift in public opinion . . . . . . . . . . 66
2. Legal aspects of U.S. government anti-terrorism
measures . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70
a. Airport security . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
b. Camp X-ray . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
c. Detention and removal of aliens suspected
of terrorism . . . . . . . ...