South Koreans in American Society � The purpose of this research is to

The purpose of this research is to examine the immigration history, comparative demographic characteristics, and distinctive contributions made by South Koreans to American society. The plan of the research will be to set forth in general terms the patterns of immigration from South Korea to the U.S. in the modern period, and then to discuss selected distinguishing features of the South Korean immigrant case.

What has to be understood about South Koreans' immigration to the U.S. since the time of the Korean War is that the rate of immigration appears to have risen steadily when compared to immigration rates from around the world in general, and rapidly when compared to immigration rates from Asia in particular. There are several indices of this. One published report says that over 80% of Korean mothers in the U.S. are foreign-born and that such women as a group appear to be far less acculturated than either their male counterparts or their children (Mor, Alexander, Kieffer, & Baruffi, 1993). The issue of acculturation, indeed, appears to have affected living patterns among South Koreans in the U.S. more markedly than among other immigrant groups. This is a point to which we shall return.

In the years before World War I, Korean migration to America appears to have been quite minimal, compared to that originating in other countries of Asia. For example, Patterson (1989) takes the view that America--particularly the American protectorate of Hawaii in that period--s

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urn seems to have the effect of legitimating Korean-immigrant participation in the mainstream economy. This is confirmed in the largely profitable experience of South Koreans in such diverse urban centers as Los Angeles, Miami, and New York. Indeed, a news report in Forbes Magazine as early as 1979 and an analysis by Kotkin and Hartman (1986) take special note of the fact that despite uncertain economic conditions of the late 1970s and 1980s among several tiers of the middle class, Korean Americans represented notable pockets of entrepreneurial success. This pattern of success appears to have persisted into the 1990s, with no sign of letup. One common feature of South Korean entrepreneurship in the U.S. is that it involves the business owners in relatively simple enterprises. Fruit stands, grocery stores, dry cleaners, and similar businesses are simple in concept, and involve hard work at least as much as a dream of financial independence or riches (Forbes, 1979; Mehren, 1987). While some South Korean entrepreneurs have become millionaires (Mehren, 1987), their businesses as a group tend toward the mundane, find-a-need-and-fill-it variety. It has also been noted that among Korean Americans and Korean immigrants, an ethic of tempor

Category: Psychology - S