VITAMIN D
Article Summary
"EB1089: A new vit
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"EB1089: A new vitamin D analogue that inhibits the growth of breast cancer cells in vivo and in vitro" by Colston, Mackay, James, Binderup, Chanders, and Coombes (1992), reports results of an investigation regarding the effects of a vitamin D analogue on breast cancer inhibition. The authors state that conventional vitamin D metabolites, when used as therapeutic agents, produce hypercalcaemia (doses over a few micrograms per day). Synthetic vitamin D analogues are found to be active in the promotion of cellular differentiation and inhibition of cell growth, and they have reduced calcaemic activity. There have been studies of the effects of calcipotriol (synthetic vitamin D analogue); findings show anti-tumor effects. However the metabolic half-life of calcipotriol is short (minutes) and therefore studies with new vitamin D analogues are needed. The authors point out that other studies have shown anti-proliferative versus calcaemic activity with in vitro methods. Vitamin D metabolites and synthetic analogue effects on cell growth and differentiation with leukaemia cell lines have been done and effects on calcium homeostasis in vivo have been investigated in chickens or rodents. There is less data available for the effects of synthetic analogues on growth and differentiation of epithelial cells. Positive anti-cancer results with other vitamin D analogues such as calcipotriol (MC903) and 20-epi-vitamin D3 analogues such as KH1060 as well as related problems of incr
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ihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3), with the mention that this compound also resulted in high serum calcium. For this reason they based their study on effects of EB1089 compared to 1,25(OH)2D3; they found that low dose EB1089 resulted in inhibited tumor growth with no rise in serum calcium and same dose of 1,25(OH)2D3 resulted in no effects on tumor growth with hypercalcaemia. Several studies have been conducted since, that
support these conclusions and further knowledge regarding 1,25(OH)2D3.
Christakos (1994) and Newmark (1994) reported a review of literature which confirmed findings that this compound has a role in maintaining calcium homeostasis. Although studies in leukemic cells showed antiproliferative and prodifferentiating effects, it was found that oral administration of 1,25(OH)2D3 results in hypercalcemia before therapeutic concentrations could be attained to treat leukemia. These findings have led to the conclusion, as with Colston et al. that attention therefore needs to focus on the synthesis of vitamin D analogs that inhibit proliferation without causing hypercalcemia.
Further support regarding 1,25(OH)2D3 is found in studies by Vink-van Wijngaarden, Pols, Buurman, van den Bemd, Dorssers, Birkenhager, and v
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Chanders Coombes, Mackay Coombes, KH1230 CB1093, Evans Buras, Mackay Colston, Dorssers Birkenhager, Critique Colston, James Colston, breast cancer, Nauta Evans, Vink-van Wijngaarden, et al, colston et al, colston et, breast cancer cells, cancer cells, serum calcium, breast cancer cell, vitamin analogue, cancer cell, tumor growth, vivo vitro, human breast cancer, human breast, cancer cell line,
Approximate Word count = 1993
Approximate Pages = 8 (250 words per page)
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