Prostate Cancer Screening

The American Cancer Society (1995) recommends that men 50 years of age or over, or 40 years of age and over if they are in high risk groups, undergo prostate cancer screening. Prostate cancer screening can be accomplished by either digital rectal exam or by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. As to the frequency with which men actually engage in prostate cancer screening, Williams, Boles and Johnson (1995) attempted to determine this by conducting a study to examine PSA screening in randomly selected primary care practices.

Subjects in the study consisted of a random selection of 552 men who were 50 years of age or greater. These men were selected from 58 randomly selected non-teaching, non-governmental primary care practices in a 43-county area in Virginia. Of interest in the study was determining whether asymptomatic men who undergo routine health maintenance examinations every six months to on

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les. Diets that have high levels of fact, cigarette smoking, age, and family history of the disease appear to be contributive to the development of the condition (American Cancer Society, 1995). It is felt that genetics plays some role; however, what this role may be has not as yet been determined. Morton (1994) has stated that it is likely that multiple factors will be involved in producing racial differences including socioeconomic, environmental, dietary, and genetic factors. Morton further reports that little is known of the molecular genetic factors, tumor suppressor genes and/or oncogenies, that play a role in prostate cancer in black men, and states that increased research efforts are needed in order to understand this problem at the molecular level. The American Cancer Society (1995) reports that treatments for prostate cancer can differ depending upon a variety of factors. These include: general health, age, aggressiveness of the cancer, expected life span, and personal preference. Treatments include surgery, radiation therapy, hormone therapy, chemotherapy, and cryosurgery. A comprehensive report on prostate cancer among African-American men has been compiled by Morton (1994). He notes that black men repre
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Approximate Word count = 5940
Approximate Pages = 24 (250 words per page)

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