Ostracodes
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Ostracodes are small bivalve crustaceans, some of which drift along the ocean's surface with other plankton and some of which lie near the bottom of the ocean (Monkeyshines, 1999). They have been around since the Cambrian age, according to the fossil record (Crasquin, 2004). Ostracodes comprise six extant and extinct orders, with over 50,000 species and genera (IRGO, 2004; French Naval School, 2004). They are of the order Myodocopia, family Cypridinidae. Ostracodes have a carapace with an average size of 0.15 mm, but some fossil forms as large as 80 mm have been found, and current forms sometimes reach 25 mm (Crasquin, 2004). The carapace forms a bivalve, articulated dorsally at the hinge. The external surface of the carapace can be smooth or ornamented with wrinkles, tubers, spines, or reticulation. In Paleozoic forms, a velum can be present at the ventral edge. Ostracodes can be found in both salt water and fresh water, but only the salt-water varieties display luminescence. Most ostracodes live freely and populate all aquatic environments, but a few are commensals or parasites (Crasquin, 2004). The majority are benthic, living in the ocean depths, and some are pelagic. They feed on any type of organic remains. Some ostracodes can withstand small variations in salinity (euhalins), others not at all (stenohalins). Freshwater species are found in ponds, rivers, lakes, and brackish water in estuaries and lagoons. Some ostracodes can withstand mild temperat
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Approximate Word count = 872
Approximate Pages = 3 (250 words per page)
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