ORGANIZED CRIME
1. In his book, Choice and
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In his book, Choice and Consequence, economist Thomas Schelling (1984) sought to explain why certain crimes, such as burglary or embezzlement, did not lend themselves to monopolized control by organized crime (OC) whereas others, such as gambling, prostitution or drug dealing have. He concluded that "some businesses lend themselves more than others to monopolization" (p. 183). They are businesses in which small-time criminals are victimized, where the "primary target of organized crime is itself an underworld activity," such as the bookmaker, the prostitute or the drug dealer. The drug dealer is prone to extortion by OC because he cannot seek recourse to the law, his activities are highly visible and therefore, vulnerable to protection rackets, he runs a cash business and therefore can't claim that he cannot afford to pay for protection and he has fairly regularized earnings which lend themselves to a standardized 'cut' for the OC syndicate. Schelling suggests that these are fairly 'victimless' crimes which, if legalized, OC would have difficulty monopolizing and, therefore, would have less of a social cost. This has been proven in the case of gambling. Health concerns would be less if prostitution were legalized and controlled. Drug dealing costs would go down if currently controlled substances were legalized. For example, addicts would not need to commit crimes to get the funds to buy cheaper drugs; however, powerful elements in society still oppose legalization becaus
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wise protects the currency, the Internal Revenue Service, which has been the lead agency in tax fraud investigations and prosecutions of gangland figures such as Al Capone, and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco and Firearms, primarily responsible for gun and explosive matters, all in the Treasury Department. The U.S. Marshals Service carries out Federal Court orders and DOJ's National Central Bureau of the International Criminal Police (INTERPOL-USCNB) handles liaison with foreign police on OC crime matters.
3. Principal Asian OC groups are the Yakuza in Japan, Chinese Triads and Tongs as well as street gangs and other Asian-based OC groups (AOCs), such as Burmese-Thai drug rings. Structure. The American Mafia is organized on a highly hierarchical basis: boss, underbosses, consigliere or advisers, capos or captains and street soldiers. Discipline is tight. Positions are assigned either on the basis of functional specialization, kinship ties or skills required (Lunde, 2004, p. 8). The Japanese Yakuza is also highly structured, "a pyramidal hierarchy, patterned on the family, with absolute obedience and respect given to a father figure" (p. 96). Chinese Triads are more fluid. Discipline is also fearsome, but relationships or guanzi a
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Approximate Word count = 1270
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)
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