Prostate Cancer Screening

CANCER SCREENING AMONG AFRICAN-AMERICAN MEN

Prostate cancer is defined as cancer that begins in the prostate gland (American Cancer Society, 1995). Meikle and Smith (1990) have reported that available epidemiologic data do not allow targeting of specific populations for prostate cancer screening or early detection programs.

The authors also state that although certain strong factors have been identified as associated with the development of prostate cancer (e.g., age, race, location), none sufficiently defines high-risk groups in whom recommendations should differ from those of other age-matched patients.

The American Cancer Society (1995) recommends that men 50 years of age or over, or 40 years of age and over if they are in high risk groups, undergo prostate cancer screening. Prostate cancer screening can be accomplished by either digital rectal exam or by prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing. As to the frequency with which men actually engage in prostate cancer screening, Williams, Boles and Johnson (1995) attempted to determine this by conducting a study to examine PSA screening in randomly selected primary care practices.

Subjects in the study consisted of a random selection of 552 men who were 50 years of age or greater. These men were selected from 58 randomly selected non-teaching, non-governmental primary care practices in a 43-county area in Virginia.

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le weights from 1 to 6 in such a manner that willingness to undergo prostate cancer screening will increase with the numerical value of each man's score. Overall, each subject's score will consists of his summated mean for both items. In other words, if a man gets a score of 5 on one item and a score of 4 on the second item, his summated mean score will be 4+5/2 = 9/2 = 4.5. Chapter 2 REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE Introduction The proposed study investigates for associations between willingness to undergo prostate cancer screening, degree of knowledge regarding the symptoms of prostate cancer, and incorrect beliefs about the effects of prostate cancer screening on sexual functioning; it also examines whether any observed relationships between these variables differ in relation to age and/or racial background. To place the research in context, this section of the proposal presents a review of the pertinent research. The reviewed research is divided into two sections. The first section presents basic factual information about prostate cancer along with incidence rates for different ethnic/racial groups. The second section examines current studies investigating receptivity to prostate cancer screening and health beliefs.
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Approximate Word count = 6042
Approximate Pages = 24 (250 words per page)

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