unselors must consider, as an integral function, review and selection of theories as a basis for deriving practical solutions to problems. The authors refer to this function as that of "theoretical renewal."
Boy and Pine (1983) suggested that theoretical renewal provides some protection against counselor burnout by helping to find relatedness among diverse observations and experiences in counseling and living situations. It is further noted that the flexible application of a theory provides an objective element that helps the counselor avoid relying on a particular bias (e.g. a sex-role bias). The counselor should, however, determine the degree to which that theory conforms to his/her general philosophy of life and human behavior.
It is concluded that the results of renewing a theory of counseling include the following: (1) the development of a consistent process for helping clients, (2) the establishment of a model against which one's practice can be evaluated, (3) an ability to judge other theories because of the possession of a basic theoretical frame of reference, (4) the identification of a model against which the counselor can compare personal and professional behaviors, (5) a clearer concept of the counselor's role, and (6) a frame of reference for conducting research designed to measure the effectiveness of counseling.
Hays and Johnson (1984) characterized one of the functions of school counselors as that of advocacy. In this regard, the authors note that there are future challenges facing counselors regarding such matters as school philosophy, parent conflict with counseling measures and stratgies and so forth.
However, the authors noted that counseling has at its disposal more tools and knowledge than ever before. It is, therefore, recommended that counseling must rise above current crises and develop its own images and scenarios for the future and then take professional, political, social and economic ...