Ethnic Conflict in Bosnia
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The problem in Bosnia should be seen as an opportunity for the intentional community to demonstrate that it can be effective, that it does have moral authority, and that the emerging structure of world politics will be conducted in a way that solves problems rather than merely watching them unfold. The essential problem in the region of Bosnia is one that should have been addressed as soon as the Soviet Union ceased its existence, for what was needed was a controlling power either to keep the three peoples together or to separate them in a more orderly fashion. Any solution to be created or imposed today must of necessity provide for all three groups separately, and even then the tensions are so deep that international monitoring will be necessary far into the future. This must be an international effort, much as it has been, and inaction will simply not do. Bosnia is a test of whether international cooperation will have any value in the developing post-Cold War community. The current ethnic conflict in what was formerly Yugoslavia has roots that extend far back into history. The nationhood of the different ethnic groups in Yugoslavia was always somewhat artificial, brought about by the force of circumstances after World War I more than by a desire on the part of the different groups to be joined together under one banner. The nationalistic feelings in Yugoslavia extend back to the nineteenth century, to the era of nationalism throughout Europe. The ethnic groups i
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d bitterly resented the oppressive rule of the Hungarians. It was natural that they should look again at the possibilities of an autonomous Slav unit--at first within the Monarchy, later outside it (Singleton, 1976, 55).
Before 1918, there was no Yugoslavia, and until that time the Serbs and the Croats had never lived in the same state. For centuries, the Slovenes had been attached to Austria. In cultural terms, the Slovenes looked to Vienna in the north rather than to Belgrade in the south. Kosovo is remembered by Serbs today as the heartland of the medieval Serbian kingdom, but by 1913 it had a decisive Albanian majority after 500 years of Turkish rule. The leaders who helped bring about the creation of Yugoslavia had conceived of the new state as a land in which related peoples could build a common life, but many of the early rulers of Yugoslavia were essentially the rulers of the former Serbian state who conceived of the new state as an extension of the old Serbia (Ramet, 1992, 1). The independence and autonomy of Serbia gave that region an advantage in the creation and operation of the new state of Yugoslavia.
Yugoslavia and the idea of Yugoslavia developed from the nationalism of the nineteenth century and was then
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Approximate Word count = 2671
Approximate Pages = 11 (250 words per page)
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