Male/Female Criteria for Moral Judgment The issue of moral judg

The issue can be seen sharply in the Gilligan-Kohlberg controversy. Kohlberg had set forth a model of the development of moral judgment that was later challenged by Gilligan and others, who determined that Kohlberg was actually focusing only on the development of one aspect of moral orientation having to do with the ethics of justice and rights. This led Gilligan to consider further gender differences as they could be seen in the development of moral judgment, and she determined that women's moral judgment is more rooted in context, more immersed in the details of relationships and narratives (Benhabib, 1987, 155). This was in keeping with certain conclusions offered by Piaget, who observed that girls have a more "pragmatic" attitude toward rules and see them more in terms of relationships. Of course, this led Piaget to deny the val

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stages at each of three levels. Level I was labeled Preconventional, and in the first stage the child avoids punishment, while in the second stage the child seeks rewards. Level II is that of the Conventional, and in stage three the child seeks the approval of others, while in stage four the child conforms to norms. Level III is Postconventional, and stage five involves obedience to democratic laws and contracts, and stage six involves individual principles of conscience. THE JUSTICE TRADITION The research and theoretical constructs of Kohlberg are a continuation of what is known as the justice tradition started by John Locke, Immanuel Kant, and John Rawls. Their theories share two core views: Substantively, each of these theories is committed to personal liberty, and, methodologically, each of them relies on a social contract model. Together, these elements form the basis for the ideal of individual autonomy that distinguishes the justice tradition (Kittay and Meyers, 1987, 4). In this tradition, individual autonomy has two main dimensions--moral autonomy and personal autonomy: People gain moral autonomy when they use reason to discern which principles ought to be followed; personal autonomy in their entitlement to p
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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