The English Reformation
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The English Reformation came about as a result of many dovetailing forces. As is often the case with defining periods in history, timing was all-important as centuries of Catholic corruption collided with the onset of a "grand theological debate" across Europe, and the need for an English heir to the throne manifested in the indomitable will of one Henry VIII (Robinson). The Reformation in England was centuries in the making, though it was in the 1530s that the statutes of Henry VIII began to codify an official break with the papal authority of Rome. Of these statutes, the Act for Submission of the Clergy in 1532 set the tone and cleared a path for an Act of Succession and an Act of Supremacy in 1534, which taken together formalized the English monarchy's new identity: the King would now "exercise certain spiritual functions hitherto pertaining to the Papacy" (Dickens 119). The spirit of England would never be the same. Putting the Act for Submission of the Clergy and the greater English Reformation into context requires a brief survey of the religious ebbs and flows washing over continental Europe during the early 1500s. At this time, humanists within the Catholic faith had begun to assert themselves, at once railing against Church corruption while simultaneously preaching reform from within the faith (Robinson). The English Reformation owes its existence in large part to the European Reformation, which in turn owes its existence to Martin Luther.
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). Likewise, Henry VIII was certain that God would never let Catherine, the wife of his dead brother, bear him a son. Henry VIII decided to try legal means for a solution, and ushered in an era of Reformation as a result.
Shifting the onus of authority for granting divorces from the Pope to the Archbishop of Canterbury, Henry VIII commenced to argue that because Kings of England enjoy the same imperial powers as did early Christian Roman Emperors, so he did not need the Pope to have his divorcełthe Pope's jurisdiction, in this new context, was simply illegal (Robinson). By 1532, Henry VIII had sufficiently pressured and threatened all that required convincing, and the path was clear for a divorce, a marriage, an heir, and a Church of England.
The Act for the Submission of the Clergy in 1532 was an integral part of this process, putting the existing submission into statutory form; Convocation, once thought to be partnered with Parliament in the exercise of royal supremacy, was now forbidden to legislate "except by the license and assent of the Crown; it permitted the King to appoint a committee to allow or disallow canons passed by that body" (Dickens 119-120). Further, all appeals to Rome were now forbidden in any instan
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Approximate Word count = 1635
Approximate Pages = 7 (250 words per page)
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