CHILDHOOD LEARNING DISORDERS ADHD: Primary Clinic

Reiff (2002) reports that ADHD is associated with many behavioral and academic problems. Children with ADHD are more likely to need to attend special classes due to cognitive and/or learning disabilities. They are more likely to drop out of school, become delinquent, and generally have problems with the law due to difficulties forming interpersonal relationships and a tendency to unruly behavior.

Also, Reiff (2002) notes that because ADHD children often display coercive and critical styles they are disliked by peers. Further, they can experience profound difficulty in school due to related language and other learning disorders. In general,

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ing Disorders Palombo and Cohler (2001) state that if a child's achievement in reading, writing or mathematics falls below expectations for age, grade level and intelligence and has a negative impact on academic success or some other important area of life, then the child probably has a learning disorder. The authors state that there are three types of learning disorders: These are: 1. Reading disorder in which reading skills are weaker than the child's general ability with said skills most commonly including the ability to decode words and/or reading comprehension. Another term for reading or writing disorders is Dyslexia. 2. A Disorder of Written Expression in which writing skills are weaker than general ability and involve problems with the quality of written expression, spelling, and/or writing syntax. 3. Mathematics disorder in which calculation skills are weaker than general ability. All three of these disorders are likely to be associated with low self-esteem, socialization problems, and school dropout. If a child has ADHD, or CD, the likelihood of having one or more types of learning disorder increases. Definition of Mental Retardation The American Association on Mental Retardation (2004) defines this disorder
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