Calcium Intake in Children
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Calcium intake in children may be insufficient for their needs as their bones are growing, and a study by Goulding et al (250-253) showed that children who avoided drinking cow's milk for prolonged periods and did not consume calcium-rich food substitutes had low bone mineral densities. Low bone density combined with a high body weight increases the risk of bone fractures during growth, when children are more prone to such fractures. Optimal bone growth cannot take place without sufficient calcium intake, and in the Western countries dairy products are the major dietary source of calcium (250). If children avoid drinking milk for long periods during their growth and do not have a diet rich in other sources of calcium, or take calcium-rich supplements, they may jeopardize their bone health. Low milk consumption during childhood has also recently been linked to adult osteoporosis. Consumption of dairy foods also affects body weight, and the substitution of milk with high energy, but low nutritional value drinks will promote weight gain, which is augmented by the low calcium intake, promoting adipogenesis. Goulding et al observed a group of 50 white children with a history of low cow's milk intake and a low dietary calcium intake, who had short stature, poor skeletons, and a high prevalence of adiposity (251). Many of these children had already suffered bone fractures and so the researchers decided to compare the fracture rates of these children with a group of the same
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tudy is a longitudinal study looking at bone growth in Caucasian children during the growing years, and particularly during the adolescent growth spurt (Whiting et al 696S-700S). The study is looking at how bone mineral is accrued at this time because the development of peak bone mass during these times is considered an important indicator for the risk of osteoporosis later in life. The study began in 1991 with over 220 boys and girls aged between 8 and 14 years. Bone measurements were determined using dual energy xray scans of the whole body, lumbar spine, and proximal femur. Dietary intake was assessed over the six-year collection period by 24-hour serial recalls.
The summary of results to date showed that maximal peak bone mineral content velocity occurred at 14.0 + 1.0 years for boys and 12.5 + 0.9 years for girls (Whiting et al 698). Boys gained 407 + 92 g of bone mineral during each two-year period surrounding this age, and girls gained 322 + 66 g in this time period. The age at which peak height velocity is reached is considered to be the indicator of somatic maturity. In this study, girls gained less bone mineral than boys at every age, and after the age of peak height velocity, boys gained more bone than girls.
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 1573
Approximate Pages = 6 (250 words per page)
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