Antibodies

The antibodies are produced by isolating a protein from one species, such as a rat, and injecting it into another species, such as a rabbit. The protein will then stimulate the rabbit to make antibodies against it, which can then be harvested from the rabbit's blood where they circulate, conjugated to fluorescent dyes, and then used to localize that particular rat antigen in tissues suspected of containing it. If the antigen is present, the antibody part of the conjugate would bind to it and could then be visualized under the fluorescent microscope because of the fluorescent dye it contains (7-8). The antibodies can also be conjugated to gold or ferritin so that they can be used to stain tissues to be examined under the electron microscope.

Enzyme histochemistry can be combined with

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meal size. This is an example of immunohistochemistry being used to visualize neurochemically specific pathways in the mammalian brain. Messenger RNA levels of OLIG1 and OLIG2 transcription factors are elevated in oligodendrogliomas (Azzarelli, Miravalle and Vidal 170-179). These researchers raised polyclonal antibodies to a synthetic peptide homologous with the transcription factor OLIG1 and studied the expression of OLIG1 in 84 brain tumors and in non-neoplastic brain tissue using immunohistochemistry techniques. They found moderate to strong intranuclear immunoreactivity in all oligodendrogliomas, oligoastrocytomas, and dysembryoplastic neuroepithelial tumors in cells identified as oligodendrocytes. Some astrocytomas also showed slight to moderate intranuclear immunoreactivity. Double immunostaining of oligodendrogliomas, oligoastrocytomas, and glioblastoma multiforme using antibodies to OLIG1 and GFAP showed cells immunopositive for OLIG1 only; cells immunopositive for GFAP only; and cells immunopositive for both antibodies. This showed that immunohistochemistry can be used to localize oligodendrocyte transcription factor in brain tissue. Intralaminar thalamic nuclei are a major site of non-dopaminergic degeneration
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Romrell Kaye, N-termini P-amyloid, Goff Salin, Schwarz Baskin, POA Immunohistochemistry, Miravalle Vidal, CA3 Immunohistochemical, OLIG1 GFAP, GR TRH, NTS CRH, immunoreactive cells, alzheimer's disease, male rats, basal ganglia, cells found, immunoreactive cells found, fluorescent dyes, brain tissue, intralaminar thalamic, et al, electron microscope, mochizuki tamaoka shimohata, cintra fuxe wikstrom, hippocampus cerebral cortex, glutamic acid decarboxylase,
Approximate Word count = 2153
Approximate Pages = 9 (250 words per page)

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