A Centrifuge
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A centrifuge is a device used for separating solids and liquids, or liquids of different densities by spinning them at high speed so that the materials with the highest density travel towards the bottom of the centrifuge tube at a higher rate of speed than they would under the force of normal gravity (Centrifugation). The theory behind the centrifuge is a mechanical one. To separate materials of differing but closely related densities requires a force greater than that due to Earth's gravity. Random motion of molecules results in diffusion which may smear small differences in densities, so to overcome this and to speed up the process of separation, mass dependent forces are generated in a centrifuge by a spinning motion. A body in motion tends to continue in motion along a straight line unless some force is exerted on it to change its path (Centrifugation). When a force is exerted on a body to make it go in a circle, an equal and opposite force will result pushing out from the center of the circle. This is known as the centripetal force and is equal to the mass of the object times the acceleration needed to keep it from flying outward in a straight line. Substances with a larger mass per unit volume will have a greater force exerted on them and will move towards the outer edge of the container more quickly than those of smaller mass. In most cases, a centrifuge consists of a rotor into which samples in tubes are inserted, sitting on a somewhat wobbly shaft (Cen
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ranium, with the heavier U238 isotopes in the UF6 gas tending to concentrate at the walls of the centrifuge as it spins. Scopes are placed inside the centrifuge to selectively separate the U238 and U235 isotopes. These types of centrifuges are employed in the nuclear power and nuclear weapons industries. Extra large centrifuges are being used in the space industry to investigate the effects of artificial gravity as a countermeasure to the negative effects of long-term microgravity on the human body (David). The project involves having test subjects placed in a six-degree head down bed which simulates the effects of microgravity on the human body. The subjects are then placed in the centrifuge and subjected to 2.5 Gs at their feet to simulate a gravity environment.
High speed vertical disc centrifuges are used in the purification of fuels and oils, in separation of industrial fluids, in the recycling of waste oil, in the production of renewable energy fuels such as biodiesel and ethanol, in the food industry for fat rendering, separation of animal blood, production of fish meal and fish oil and production of mint oil, and in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries for biotechnology, algae harvesting, sedimentation c
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Approximate Word count = 1244
Approximate Pages = 5 (250 words per page)
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