Why the Union Won the Civil War This research p

Material and Logistical Advantages of Each Side

According to Ayers et al., "Neither the Union nor the Confederacy was ready for conflict in the spring of 1861" (459).

The leadership on both sides anticipated a relatively short war.

In such a war the Confederacy had an important advantage, which showed up on the battlefield in 1861. The Confederate President Jefferson Davis, who had been a decorated officer during the Mexican War and later Secretary of War in the 1850s. Lincoln had virtually no combat experience or knowledge of military matters.

McPherson said Davis's experience "helped speed up mobilization in 1861" (317). In contrast he characterized the initial Union mobilization as being of the "headlong, helter-skelter, seat of the pants" variety (324).

Because none of the early battles won by the South proved to be decisive, the war dragged on for four years and consumed in its bloody wake many thousan

. . .
y trampled on civil liberties, when necessity so indicated, but Perret said "the war power was Lincoln' creation" (xv). Elected in 1860 with a minority of votes, Lincoln's skills at fashioning compromises and in articulating the Union cause enabled the Union to patch together sufficient internal cohesion and unity to wage a long and bloody war. Internal disunity was just as great a threat in the North as in the South. As the war dragged on, and casualties mounted, opponents of the war, ranging from antiwar Democrats to outright traitors, the Copperheads, gained influence. The 1863 Conscription Act was unpopular, especially among poor immigrants, who incited the New York City Draft Riot Acts of July 1863 which Ayers et al. said was "the largest [riot] the United States had ever seen" (506). Lincoln won re-election in 1864 but a few months before it took place he expressed pessimism about the outcome. He was saved by Sherman's capture of Atlanta and the overwhelming vote given to Lincoln rather to McClellan by the Union Army. Both as to its timing and content, Lincoln's issuance of the Emancipation Proclamation in 1862-1863 was a stroke of genius. It gave the North an ideological cause to fight for and it produced a significant man
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