Effects of Early Childhood Education Programs Introduction Do chi

Effects of Early Childhood Education Programs

According to Papalia and Olds (1992), early childhood education programs have been found to: (1) foster the growth of autonomy; (2) elevate cognitive or intellectual functioning; (3) encourage language development and creativity; (4) produce a love and enjoyment of learning; (5) maximize social development; and (6) increase children's levels of academic success in their later years of schooling.

However, the authors point out that there is a good deal of variability in the structure and methods of developed programs and, as a result, some programs are more successful in producing one or more of these benefits than are others. Therefore, it is best to examine discrete or particular kinds of early childhood education programs for the specific effects of each.

Specific Effects: Montessori Programs

According to Mario Montessori (1994), the Montessori early childhood education program is a system originally designed by Dr. Maria Montessori to each poor and retarded Italian children. Regarding program methods and curricula, Montessori (1994) states that the curriculum is child-centered and a

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as an opportunity for upward mobility for all races. (Part. B, Col. 1, p. 6) But are these claims correct? Vinovskis (1993) reports that over the years, research examining for the effectiveness of Head Start Programs has found that the programs improve both intellectual and language performance but that it is the neediest children that benefit the most with middle-class children showing little to no gains. Moreover, in testing during the later school years, Head Start children still do not do as well as middle-class children in classroom tests or on standardized tests. However, when compared to peers who are also poor but were not exposed to Head Start, these children not only perform better in their later school years, they tend to be less tardy, healthier and have greater physical and motor development. In other words, Head Start certain exerts some positive benefits; however, these may not be as strong as might be desired. Specific Effects: Other Programs While Montessori and Head Start are the two types of early childhood education programs that are most utilized in the United States, there are many other programs in use. For example Karnes, Beauchamp and Pfaus (1993) report on PEECH (Programming for Early Educati
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