MANAGEMENT AND ORGANIZATIONAL BEHAVIOR
This research describes a system of motivation used by the patrol division of a metropolitan police department. Further, this research assesses the effectiveness of this system of motivation with respect to two different organizational levels within the patrol division.
The basic system of motivation applied in the patrol division is behaviorally based. Essentially, the system is an amalgamation of the principles espoused by Abraham Maslow, Frederick Herzberg, and B. F. Skinner with respect to motivation within organizational settings.
The motivation theories of Maslow, Herzberg, and Skinner are, essentially, drive theories. In this context, the theories, are directly related to the process of learning (Maslow, 1966, p. 13). Learning, in this context, is the process by which an individual is able to change her or his behavior in some constructive manner (Skinner, 1953, pp. 59 61).
Maslow's motivation theory was his hierarchy of needs (Maslow, 1954, pp. 97 101). The hierarchy divides human needs into higher and lower orders. The lower order needs are primary, such as food, shelter, sex, and physical security, while the higher order needs involve love for other and self actualization. When the lower order needs are absent in the life of an individual, the satisfaction of those needs become the center of the individual's life. In most modern societies, however, the primary needs are satisfied. Thus, real motivation especially
within organizational structures results from individual desires to satisfy their higher order needs (Maslow, 1968, p. 189).
Frederick Herzberg (1966, p. 169) developed a theory of motivation the two factor model which is often confused with Maslow's hierarchy of needs. The two factor model divided the factors involved in an individual's organizational life into hygiene factors and mot...