Parental Pressure on Sports Participation The purpose of this study was to examin

Many children and adolescents are under considerable parental pressure to engage in and succeed in competitive sports at school. Such parental pressure often generates high levels of anxiety in students. The literature on student anxiety due to parental pressure to participate in sport shows elevated anxiety levels to be associated with such factors as self-concept (Medeiros, Porter & Welch, 1983), increases in evaluation anxiety (Kleiber, 1980), increases in anxiety that are significantly larger than those of students participating in non-required, nonspo

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ent validity (Martens, Vealey & Burton, 1990). Design and Procedure This investigation utilizes an equivalent groups design wherein 50 high school students who are involved in varsity level competitive sports activities were administered the Parental Sports Pressure Questionnaire and the Sports Competition Anxiety Test for Children. The median of the PSPQ scores was computed and student athletes with PSPQ scores above the median were placed in the high Parental Sports Pressure group, and student athletes with scores at or below the median were placed in the Low Parental Sports Pressure Group. Data Analysis Testing whether students' competition anxiety scores significantly differed as a function of gender and/or degree of parental pressure (Low, High) was accomplished using a 2 x 2 analysis of variance. The first factor was the Gender factor with two levels: male and female. The second factor was the Parental Pressure Factor at two levels: Low and High. So that the cells of the design may be seen, the design is graphically depicted in Table 1. Table 1 Graphic Depiction of Research Design _________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Some common words found in the essay are:
Parental Pressure, Instructions Below, Marginal Means, Summary Existing, Questionnaire PSPQ, Pressure Questionnaire, Kleiber Roberts, Purpose Study, Analysis Variance, Hardly-Ever Sometimes, parental pressure, competition anxiety, sport competition, sport competition anxiety, 1 2, 1 2 3, father mother, 4 5, 3 4, analysis variance, 5 sometimes, 2 3 4, 4 5 sometimes, 3 4 5, 2 3,
Approximate Word count = 4107
Approximate Pages = 16 (250 words per page)