Multipolar Political Environment
INTRODUCTION
The
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The crumbling of the socalled Communist Empire in Eastern Europe in 1989 and 1990 has led many political observers and analysts to proclaim that the international political environment has been transformed. These observers and analysts conclude that, as a consequence of this collapse, the international political environment has ceased to be one of a bipolar character, in which the United States and the Soviet Union were the principal players, and will soon assume a multipolar character, in which either (1) the United States and the Soviet Union will be but two of several major players (Hyland, 1990), or (2) the United States, Japan, and the reunited Germany will be the major players, with a considerably less significant role for the Soviet Union (Tarnoff, 1989). There is little doubt that the international political order is changing, and that, in the fall of 1990, it is significantly different from what it was in the fall of 1988. It is only superficial analysis, however, that can conclude that this change was the result of the Communist collapse in Eastern Europe in 1989. The change is a part of a process which began in earlyNovember 1982, when Leonid Brezhnev died, and which continues unabated in the fall of 1990. It is also somewhat too soon to predict with any degree of accuracy who the major players in the developing multipolar environment will and will not be, and which, if any, of these players will be first among equals, the status tha
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the Soviet Union, the United States implemented a strategy of economic warfare against the Soviet Union (Tarnoff, 1990). Economic sanctions were the visible manifestations of this policy. Economic sanctions are intended in general to make the conduct of a country's economic affairs more difficult. These difficulties are intended to range from disruptions in domestic economic processes to serious impediments in a country's capacity to conduct international trade.
The American approach to the use of economic sanctions is, at best, inconsistent. The United States readily imposed economic sanctions against the Soviet Union. When the question of economic sanctions against the Republic of South Africa arose, however, the Reagan Administration began to sing a different tune.
The harms to the concepts of social justice and human rights stemming from the apartheid policy of the Republic of South Africa had long been recognized by elements in the American population, if not always by the country's institutions 8and government. In the United States, the resistance of the Reagan Administration to apply what many Americans considered to be meaningful pressures against the RSA government created frustrations in the population.
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Some common words found in the essay are:
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Approximate Word count = 4033
Approximate Pages = 16 (250 words per page)
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