Evolutionary Concepts in America Evolutionary concepts had a great impact up

From the end of the Civil War until the end of the SpanishAmerican war, a period called the Gilded Age, the United States changed from a largely agrarian nation to a largely industrial one. At the beginning of the period, Americans typically lived in scattered rural communities. By the turn of the century, the trend toward industrialization had established itself. In a great movement that continued through the World Wars, the center of American life moved toward the cities. A new orientation toward technology accompanied that great social and physical shift. The secularity of science was replacing the values long maintained by the traditional religious inst

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Origin an enthusiastic review upon its American publication. In spite of his strong attraction to Darwin's ideas, Gray had deep reservations about an idea of natural development devoid of a purpose supplied by God. For that reason, Gray expended much time and energy reconciling Darwinian theory with a concept of design in nature, incorporating a theistic teleology into his description of the evolutionary process. Other leading scientists found themselves in similiar predicament. George F Wright, a friend of Gray, attempted to explain natural selection as a "secondary cause" emanating from a First Cause. Likewise, William Keith Brooks argued that natural selection was compatible with divine design. To fit the new conception of evolution with the old conception of God, these scientists were forced to adopt the view that variations express some beneficial plan. The problem with such efforts is that they vitiate the concept of natural selection. As Darwin himself said, "The view that each variation has been providentially arranged seems to me to make Natural selection superfluous..." The beauty of the theory of evolution presented by Darwin, and by Alfred Wallace, is that it depends on variations that occur "without pur
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Approximate Word count = 2989
Approximate Pages = 12 (250 words per page)

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