Black College Athletes & Prop 48

The rule was controversial when it was proposed in the early1980s. Opponents declared that Proposition 48 was racist because it would have the greatest impact on Black athletes (Johnston, Slaughter, and Osborne, 1988, pp. 214). Proponents contended that the new rule would restore the integrity of colleges and universities (Johnston, Slaughter, and Osborne, 1988, pp. 214). Proposition 48 remains almost as controversial in the 1990s as it was in the early1980s (Wieberg, 1993c, p. 1C). Proponents of Proposition 48 point to dramatic increases in the graduation rate for Black college athletes, while opponents of the rule point to the reduced numbers of Black college athletes competing at the Division I level of the NCAA (Wieberg, 1993c, p. 1C).

Contemporary arguments over the successes achieved by Proposition mirror the different perspectives with which college athletics and colleges themselves are viewed in the United States. Proponents of Proposition 48 view the role of colleges

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tude of subsegments (Waldrop, 1990, p. 32). In the 1990s, there are more than 31 million Black Americansapproximately 12.5 percent of the total population (Waldrop, 1990, p. 32). Income levels among Black Americans vary. The income diversity among Blacks is not uniformly distributed among Black population concentrations according to geographic area, i.e., one will not encounter the same proportion of welloff Blacks in each city with a sizable Black population. The distribution of Black Americans by income group is presented in Table 1, which may be found on the following page.Education is also a demographic factor of significant interest with respect to the Black population segment. Education is a major contributing factor to income level for individuals and households. Although Blacks have made progressoften dramaticin educational attainment, they remain, in the 1990s, well behind Anglos and Asians, although they are ahead of Hispanics. A summary of educational attainment by racial/ethnic classification is presented in Table 2, which may be on the following page. Table 1 Distribution of Black Households by Income Group ============================================================== Income Group
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