Preventive Patrol Strategies INTRODUCTION An experiment testing preve

An experiment testing preventive patrol strategies was conducted by the Kansas City, Missouri Police Department for a 12month period in 19721973 (Kelling, Pate, Dieckman, & Brown, 1974). The findings and conclusions of the experiment were controversial, in that they conflicted with (1) traditional perceptions of the value and role of police partols, and (2) the findings and conclusions of other studies.

This research presents the findings of a secondary analysis of the Kansas City Preventive Patrol Experiment. The findings of this secondary analysis are presented in separate discussions related to the Experiment's (1) method, (2) results, and (3) conclusions.

The experiment involved "variations in the level of routine preventive patrol within" selected Kansas City police beats (Kelling, et al, 1974, p. 3). Three variations of patrol activity were used. The participating patrol beats were equally divided into groups designated (1) control, (2) reactive, and (3) proactive. In the control beats, patrol activity was maintained at the department's customary level. In reactive beats, routine patrol activity was eliminated, and

1 2officers responded only to calls for service. In proactive beats, the level of patrol activity was intensified to levels twotothree times that of the department's customary level.

Hypotheses to be tested in the experiment were stated in the null form. It was hypothesized that:

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spects. Several studies have cited the deterrent effects of sure and substantial penalties for antisocial behaviors as a means of reducing the crime rate (Lidstone, 1981). In this context, it is important to note that some studies have found that the sureness of the imposition of penalties is as important (Ellison, & Buckout, 1981), as is the severity of the punishments imposed (Chelimsky, & Dahmann, 1981). As is true of the relationship between crime rate reductions and the effective management of resources available to police agencies, there are no indications in the literature to the effect that sociological and psychological factors are not implicated in the abilities of society to control social 12behaviors. However, there are significant differences between the relationships as to how great is their impacts on efforts to reduce the crime rate. Where almost all studies indicate that the effective management of resources available to police agencies are strongly implicated in crime reduction efforts (although such management, alone, is rarely suggested as the solution), there exists in the literature far more disagreement as to the strength of the relationships between the sociological and psychological factors

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