Gorwth of Black Representation in Public Administration INTRODUCTION More blacks occupy public a

There is likely no single explanation for the growth of the black representation in American public administration. Improved educational opportunities for black Americans, translated into higher levels of educational attainment by blacks, is one contributing factor. Twentyfive years of aggressive desegregation efforts subsequent to the passage of the Civil Rights Act of 1964, particularly with respect to affirmative action programs, also contributed to the increase in black representation in public administration. A third factor which has contributed to the increase in black representation in public administration is the change in racial demographics in

1 2many American cities. This change has brought about black political control in many American cities, and black political control has been accompanied by increased black representation in public administration. A fourth contributing factor was the elimination of the military draft, which

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e is expected to be 64 percent, while that for Hispanics is expected to be 62 percent, and that for blacks is expected to be 57 percent (Fullerton, & Tschetter, 1983). Thus, the American workforce will continue to become less Anglo in character. The composition of the workforce in the context of ethnic and racial minorities was also affected by longterm unemployment. While Anglos accounted for 88.3 percent of the employed workforce in 1983 (the unemployment peak of the past decade), they accounted for only 72.2 percent of the longterm unemployed15weeks or more (Rones, 1984). By contrast, blacks, which accounted for only 9.2 percent of the employed workforce, accounted for 22.4 percent of the longterm unemployed, and Hispanics, which accounted for only 2.5 percent of the employed workforce, accounted for 5.4 percent of the longterm unemployed. Thus, longterm unemployment worked against minority participation rates. Within this context, the gains in black representation in public administration are all the more impressive. BLACK EDUCATIONAL ATTAINMENT Although blacks have made progressoften dramaticin educational attainment, they remain, in 1990, well behind Anglos and Asians, although they are ahead of
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