Street Gang Membership
INTRODUCTION
A variety of reasons un
This is an excerpt from the paper...
A variety of reasons underlie the disaffection of young people from their society and their families. One of these factors is abuse both physical and psychological perpetrated by someone in a position of trust or authority in the life of a young person (Howing, 1990a, pp. 244 249). One of the most debilitating outcomes of abuse experienced by a young person is a loss of self esteem (Ogata, 1990, pp. 1008 1013). Abuse, and the hopelessness and depression that often stems from abuse, frequently leads to a loss of self esteem (Madonna, 1991, pp. 46 49). The loss of self esteem leads many adolescents to consider suicide (Sanders and Giolas, 1991, pp. 50 54). Other adolescents, however, react in different ways. Some strike out at the society around them, while others seek acceptance and status in street gangs (Goldstein, 1991, pp. 219 220). The cycle of abuse, hopelessness, depression, the loss of self esteem, and suicide ideation, striking back at society, and seeking a new place in life through street gang affiliation involves such factors as a failure to develop effective interpersonal skills, ineffective social integration, and dysfunctional families (Jean Gilles and Crittenden, 1990, pp. 323 329). Statement of the ProblemStreet gang activity most certainly has adverse effects on the broader society, neighborhoods, and families (Barden, 1990, pp. 8 20). To state that gang activity necessarily has adverse effects on gang members, however, requires the perspective
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nt and encouragement of violence (Grimshaw, 1968, pp. 2 7), and (8) the police (Grimshaw, 1968, pp. 2 7). Thus, sociological factors and police force are seen as the primary causes of urban riots in the United States.
It was suggested that the urban riots of the mid 1960s, in part, reflected "the failure of all levels of government" (National Advisory Commission on Civil Disorders, 1968, p. 283). It is thought that the riots could have been prevented if the necessary social services had been provided. To provide services at the levels required to preclude urban riots, however, would require the expenditure of vast amounts of money which cities do not have, and which the federal government is unwilling to spend. Further, it is charged that federal programs seldom provide a coherent perspective at the local level, and that state programs most often target rural areas. It has also been suggested that many of the urban riots could have been prevented, if the abrasive relationships between police and minority citizens had been alleviated.
The riot in Los Angeles in 1992 following the acquittal of police officers accused in the Rodney King beating incident sparked comments similar to those made nearly 30 years ago in the wake of
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Approximate Word count = 8451
Approximate Pages = 34 (250 words per page)
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